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Core designing of a new type of TVS-2M FAs: neutronics and thermal-hydraulics design basis limits

Saeed GHAEMI, Farshad FAGHIHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 256-278 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0583-x

摘要： One of the most important aims of this study is to improve the core of the current VVER reactors to achieve more burn-up (or more cycle length) and more intrinsic safety. It is an independent study on the Russian new proposed FAs, called TVS-2M, which would be applied for the future advanced VVERs. Some important aspects of neutronics as well as thermal hydraulics investigations (and analysis) of the new type of Fas are conducted, and results are compared with the standards PWR CDBL. The TVS-2M FA contains gadolinium-oxide which is mixed with UO (for different Gd densities and U-235 enrichments which are given herein), but the core does not contain BARs. The new type TVS-2M Fas are modeled by the SARCS software package to find the PMAXS format for three states of CZP and HZP as well as HFP, and then the whole core is simulated by the PARCS code to investigate transient conditions. In addition, the WIMS-D5 code is suggested for steady core modeling including TVS-2M FAs and/or TVS FAs. Many neutronics aspects such as the first cycle length (first cycle burn up in terms of MW d/kgU), the critical concentration of boric acid at the BOC as well as the cycle length, the axial, and radial power peaking factors, differential and integral worthy of the most reactive CPS-CRs, reactivity coefficients of the fuel, moderator, boric acid, and the under-moderation estimation of the core are conducted and benchmarked with the PWR CDBL. Specifically, the burn-up calculations indicate that the 45.6 d increase of the first cycle length (which corresponds to 1.18 MW d/kgU increase of burn-up) is the best improving aim of the new FA type called TVS-2M. Moreover, thermal-hydraulics core design criteria such as MDNBR (based on W3 correlation) and the maximum of fuel and clad temperatures (radially and axially), are investigated, and discussed based on the CDBL.

关键词： TVS-2M FAs core design basis limits VVER-1000 analysis mixture of uranium-gadolinium oxides fuels thermal-hydraulics PARCS WIMS-D5

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福岛核事故后中国广东核电集团核电厂抗震设计和评估进展

毛庆,吴应喜,张健,孟阿军,张涛,杨春菊,刘芳

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 46-51

摘要：

本文介绍了核电站抗震设计要求、在建和运行核电站的抗震设计情况以及运行核电站遭遇地震灾害的情况，简述了福岛核事故后世界各国核电站在抗震方面采取的措施，针对中国广东核电集团在福岛核事故后的行动进行了详细介绍，并提出了新建核电厂在抗震设计和评估方面的策略，以期通过技术手段持续提升核电站的抗震能力。

关键词：抗震设计基准超设计基准地震抗震裕量分析（SMA）隔震

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Genetic basis of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 333-339 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0564-1

摘要：

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common glomerular diseases with signs of nephrosis, heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. Dysfunction of glomerular filtration barrier causes protein loss through the kidneys. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounts for nearly 20% of NS among children and adults. Adult-onset FSGS/NS is often associated with low response to steroid treatment and immunosuppressive medication and poor renal survival. Several genes involved in NS and FSGS have been identified by linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing. Most of these genes encode proteins and are highly expressed in glomerular podocytes, which play crucial roles in slit-diaphragm signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and maintenance of podocyte integrity, and cell–matrix interactions. In this review, we focus on the recently identified genes in the adult-onset NS and FSGS and discuss clinical significance of screening of these genes.

关键词： nephrotic syndrome focal segmental glomerulosclerosis genetic

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Evaluation of a novel Asymmetric Genetic Algorithm to optimize the structural design of 3D regular and

Mohammad Sadegh ES-HAGHI, Aydin SHISHEGARAN, Timon RABCZUK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期页码 1110-1130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0643-2

摘要： We propose a new algorithm, named Asymmetric Genetic Algorithm (AGA), for solving optimization problems of steel frames. The AGA consists of a developed penalty function, which helps to find the best generation of the population. The objective function is to minimize the weight of the whole steel structure under the constraint of ultimate loads defined for structural steel buildings by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). Design variables are the cross-sectional areas of elements (beams and columns) that are selected from the sets of side-flange shape steel sections provided by the AISC. The finite element method (FEM) is utilized for analyzing the behavior of steel frames. A 15-storey three-bay steel planar frame is optimized by AGA in this study, which was previously optimized by algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Particle Swarm Optimizer with Passive Congregation (PSOPC), Particle Swarm Ant Colony Optimization (HPSACO), Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA), and Charged System Search (CSS). The results of AGA such as total weight of the structure and number of analyses are compared with the results of these algorithms. AGA performs better in comparison to these algorithms with respect to total weight and number of analyses. In addition, five numerical examples are optimized by AGA, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and optimization modules of SAP2000, and the results of them are compared. The results show that AGA can decrease the time of analyses, the number of analyses, and the total weight of the structure. AGA decreases the total weight of regular and irregular steel frame about 11.1% and 26.4% in comparing with the optimized results of SAP2000, respectively.

关键词： optimization steel frame Asymmetric Genetic Algorithm constraints of ultimate load constraints of serviceability limits penalty function

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An old issue and a new challenge for nuclear reactor safety

F. D’AURIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 854-859 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0729-0

摘要： Nuclear reactor safety (NRS) and the branch accident analysis (AA) constitute proven technologies: these are based on, among the other things, long lasting research and operational experience in the area of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR). Large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) has been, so far, the orienting scenario within AA and a basis for the design of reactors. An incomplete vision for those technologies during the last few years is as follows: Progress in fundamentals was stagnant, namely in those countries where the WCNR were designed. Weaknesses became evident, noticeably in relation to nuclear fuel under high burn-up. Best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) techniques were perfected and available for application. Electronic and informatics systems were in extensive use and their impact in case of accident becomes more and more un-checked (however, quite irrelevant in case of LBLOCA). The time delay between technological discoveries and applications was becoming longer. The present paper deals with the LBLOCA that is inserted into the above context. Key conclusion is that regulations need suitable modification, rather than lowering the importance and the role of LBLOCA. Moreover, strengths of emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and containment need a tight link.

关键词： large break loss of coolant accident (LBLOCA) nuclear reactor safety (NRS) licensing perspectives basis for design of water cooled nuclear reactors (WCNR)

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西南涡大气科学试验的观测布局理论与实践

李跃清,徐祥德,赵兴炳

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 35-45

摘要：

我国是气象灾害十分严重的国家。西南涡是一个非常重要的灾害性天气系统，与我国夏半年的暴雨洪涝灾害密切相关，对国民经济、社会发展和人民生命财产安全都有着严重的影响。基于西南涡理论研究与科学试验现状，阐述了西南涡大气科学试验的观测基础对西南涡基本信息、理论研究和业务预报的重要意义。从站点分布、设备技术、观测要素等方面，提出了西南涡大气科学试验观测布局的设计思想与技术原则。在此基础上，系统设计了西南涡大气科学试验的观测布局工程，并于2010年、2011年开展了两次西南涡大气科学试验，检验了观测布局设计思想的正确性，推动了西南涡研究与业务的进展。最后，从西南涡大气科学试验的需求、现状和效果，进一步指出了加强其观测布局理论研究和具体实践，对我国经济发展、防灾减灾的重要意义。

关键词：西南涡科学试验观测基础布局技术

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Developing effective tumor vaccines: basis, challenges and perspectives

XU Qingwen, CHEN Weifeng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 11-19 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0003-9

摘要： A remarkable advance in tumor immunology during the last decade is the elucidation of the antigenic basis of tumor recognition and destruction. A variety of tumor antigens have been identified using several strategies including conventional experiments and newly developed bioinformatics. Among these antigens, cancer/testis antigen (CT antigen) is considered to be the most promising target for immunotherapy by vaccination. Successful immunotherapy of tumors requires understanding of the natural relationship between the immune system and tumor in the status of differentiation, invasion and maturation. Continued progress in development of effective cancer vaccines depends on the identification of appropriate target antigens, the establishment of optimal immunization strategies without harmful autoimmune responses and the ability of manipulating tumor microenvironment to circumvent immune suppression and to augment the anti-tumor immune response.

关键词： development conventional identification elucidation Successful immunotherapy

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Leakage location system for oil pipeline on basis of stress wave detection

WANG Bangfeng, CHEN Renwen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 307-312 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0047-9

摘要： An online monitoring system was developed for rapidly determining the exact location of the holing position in an oil pipeline by monitoring and analyzing the characteristics of the strain wave caused by the hole. The system has a master-slaver computer structure based on a remote wireless network. The master system takes charge of managing and controlling the whole system, identifying the holing stress wave, and calculating the holing position. The slaver system is responsible for sampling the strain wave signal from the pipeline. The characteristics of the strain wave signal are extracted by a Hilbert-Huang transform based on a signal processing approach. The exact holing position can be obtained by a time delay locating method with stress wave characteristics. The experimental results of the in-service pipeline show that the average locating error of the system is less than 10 m, the accuracy ratio for the holing alarm is more than 90%, and the time that the system takes to respond to the leakage is less than 10 s.

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Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 872-886 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0796-2

摘要： The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents (DBAs) and beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), including severe accidents (SAs) with core meltdown, in NPP design (NP-001-15, NP-082-07, and others). For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs, it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification (RD-03-33-2008, RD-03-34-2000) and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report (SAR) (NP-006-16). The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) (formerly, thermohydraulics (RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes (SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum (HEFEST)) was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor (WWER) at all stages of the accident. Enhancements to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers (Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN)) with OKB Gidropress JSC and other organizations. Currently, the SOCRAT/1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant (RP) safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel melting. To perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/1, the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied, which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident scenario. This study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/1. Approaches have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC SOCRAT. This process, which is clearly structured in OKB Gidropress JSC, provides a noticeable reduction in human involvement, and reduces the probability of erroneous results.

关键词： system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) design basis accidents (DBAs) severe accidents (SAs) computer code (CC) nuclear power plant (NPP) design water-cooled water-moderated (WWER) modeling model safety requirements

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突破数学极限——流体神经网络

Dana Mackenzie

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第5期页码 550-551 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.009

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Self-organizing method for collaboration in multi-robot system on basis of balance principle

DONG Yangbin, JIANG Jinping, HE Yan

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第3期页码 283-287 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0044-z

摘要： By analyzing the operation characteristics of two subtasks that have resource dependency on each other, this paper demonstrates the impact of progress relation between the two subtasks on the whole task’s progress, and then puts forward a self-organizing principle called balance principle that keeps the individual profit between robots equal. Furthermore, an algorithm is designed for adjusting subtask selection on the basis of this principle. Simulation shows the validity of the algorithm on self-organizing task allocation in a multi-robot system.

关键词： algorithm self-organizing principle validity Simulation allocation

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Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 97-108 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0402-2

摘要： To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named and . Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis input-output model life cycle material flow analysis sustainable development

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Seismic performance of steel MRF building with nonlinear viscous dampers

Baiping DONG,James M. RICLES,Richard SAUSE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 254-271 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0348-8

摘要： This paper presents an experimental study of the seismic response of a 0.6-scale three-story seismic-resistant building structure consisting of a moment resisting frame (MRF) with reduced beam sections (RBS), and a frame with nonlinear viscous dampers and associated bracing (called the DBF). The emphasis is on assessing the seismic performance for the design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum considered earthquake (MCE). Three MRF designs were studied, with the MRF designed for 100%, 75%, and 60%, respectively, of the required base shear design strength determined according to ASCE 7-10. The DBF with nonlinear viscous dampers was designed to control the lateral drift demands. Earthquake simulations using ensembles of DBE and MCE ground motions were conducted using the real-time hybrid simulation method. The results show the drift demand and damage that occurs in the MRF under seismic loading. Overall, the results show that a high level of seismic performance can be achieved under DBE and MCE ground motions, even for a building structure designed for as little as 60% of the base shear design strength required by ASCE 7-10 for a structure without dampers.

关键词： seismic response steel MRF nonlinear viscous damper design basis earthquake real-time hybrid simulation

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基于高等分析的钢结构设计——材料建模与应变极限 Research Article

Leroy Gardner, Xiang Yun, Andreas Fieber, Lorenzo Macorini

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第2期页码 243-249 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.026

摘要：

我们对于钢框架的结构分析通常通过梁单元来进行。然而，由于该类单元无法确切地捕捉钢材截面的局部屈曲行为，因此，传统的钢结构设计规范采用截面分类的概念来确定截面强度以及变形能力受材料局部屈曲影响的程度。而塑性设计方法的使用仅限于 1 级截面，其具有足够的转动能力以形成塑性铰并引发倒塌机制。在更高级截面中，局部屈曲阻止了具有这种转动能力的塑性铰的形成，除非出于计算需求而使用壳单元，否则我们需要对材料进行弹性分析。然而，本文证明了通过将连续强度法（CSM）及其应变极限纳入分析，可以在梁单元中有效地模拟局部屈曲。此外，通过进行几何非线性和材料非线性的高等分析，可确保无需进行额外的设计检查。如果采用适当而精确的应力 - 应变关系，我们在较粗截面中观察到的应变硬化所带来的积极影响亦可以得到有效应用；为此，我们在文详尽地描述了一个用于热轧钢的四元线性材料模型。对于一致的高等分析框架中任意细长比截面的分析问题， CSM 应变极限分析法均适用，同时还可以从荷载重新分配水平的优化中受益。本文所提出的方法可用于单个构件、连续梁单元及相关框架结构，并且在精度与一致性等方面与当前钢结构设计规范相比，本方法具有显著优势。

关键词：高等分析连续强度法局部屈曲材料建模应变极限

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Explicit optimization method for cutting-screw-thread on the basis of dual-RSM

Zhengbao LEI, Shubin WEI, Qingyun DU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第4期页码 423-430 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0109-7

摘要： To obtain the explicit function for optimizing the cutting-screw-thread (CST) in crash, the simulations of frontal crash at the speed of 56 km/h have been carried out in VPG. The peak acceleration in crash has been taken as the evaluation index of energy absorption characteristics. First, the single factor experiment was taken based on six parameters affecting on the absorption characteristics of CST. Second, the peak acceleration function of each parameter by using response surface method (RSM) is obtained. Third, the explicit resultant peak acceleration function of six parameters by using RSM again is obtained. A dual RSM-based explicit method is proposed. According to this function, the best size dimensions of CST in different crash conditions could be easily obtained. Finally, an example shows that the values of the calculation errors for simulation value and target value (40 g) are 3.6% and 1.3%, respectively. This method can satisfy the demand for engineering accuracy.

关键词： vehicle engineering crash safety explicit method response surface method